Computer security is done to keep computers secure from unauthorized access. In today’s world, we can’t imagine our life without electronic devices. All our work is stored in our electronic gadgets. So if any wrong deed is done with any of the devices, it can harm us. Thus, it is very important to secure our electronic gadgets.

Mostly, our work is stored on our computers. The attacker may attack our systems to know about our work done, for recognition, or for financial gains. To keep ourselves secure from such things, we apply security measures to our computers.

Types of Computer Security

Cybersecurity : Attacks can be performed on our system when it is connected to the internet. These attacks are called cyber attacks. To keep our computer secure from such attacks, we use cybersecurity measures. This involves implementing firewalls, antivirus programs, and intrusion detection systems to protect against threats like malware, phishing, and DDoS attacks.

Information Security : If an attacker breaches our system, they can steal our system information. For the prevention of information theft, we use information security so that our system information is not misused or pirated. Information security has three key objectives:

Confidentiality: Ensuring that data is accessible only to those authorized to have access.

Integrity: Safeguarding the accuracy and completeness of information.

Availability: Ensuring that authorized users have access to information and associated assets when required.

Application Security : In application security, applications and their data are secured from unauthorized access. The access to sensitive information is restricted to authorized personnel, ensuring data is kept confidential and protected from breaches. Techniques include code reviews, penetration testing, and secure coding practices to prevent vulnerabilities.

Network Security : Network security involves checking the security of the network and monitoring connected devices. Hackers often attempt to connect to networks as legitimate users and steal data packets through methods like sniffing or spoofing for personal gain. Measures include encryption, secure network protocols, and network monitoring tools.

Types of Cyber Attacks

DoS (Denial of Service) Attack

In a DoS attack, the attacker sends a large volume of packets to the network, causing it to become overwhelmed and unavailable to legitimate users. This disrupts the services and can result in significant downtime and loss of revenue.

Backdoor

When we download any file from an unknown website, there is a chance of viruses or Trojans being present. If we download and install such files, the accompanying virus or Trojan can also get installed on our system. Once installed, it executes its malicious code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the system.

Eavesdropping

When our system is connected to an insecure network, attackers can intercept and listen to communications between parties. This enables them to steal passwords, private information, and other sensitive data, which they can use for malicious purposes.

Phishing

In phishing, the attacker impersonates a legitimate person or entity to extract confidential information from the victim. Phishing attacks often involve fake websites or emails designed to trick users into providing sensitive information like bank details or login credentials.

Spoofing

Spoofing involves an attacker pretending to be a legitimate user to gain unauthorized access to information. Types of spoofing include email spoofing, IP address spoofing, MAC spoofing, and biometric spoofing.

Malware

Malware is software designed to harm computer systems. Types of malware include adware, spyware, ransomware, and trojans, each with specific functions such as stealing data, encrypting files for ransom, or spying on user activities.

Social Engineering

Social engineering manipulates users into divulging sensitive information by exploiting human psychology. Techniques include phishing, pretexting, baiting, and tailgating, often relying on the trust and gullibility of the victims.

Polymorphic Attack

Polymorphic attacks involve malware that changes its code to evade detection. This makes it challenging for security systems to identify and eliminate the threat since the malware continuously alters its appearance.

Steps to Ensure Computer Security

Always Keep Your Operating System Up to Date

Regular updates patch security vulnerabilities, protecting against new threats.

Always Use a Secure Network Connection

Use VPNs and secure Wi-Fi networks, especially when handling sensitive data.

Always Install an Antivirus and Keep It Up to Date

Antivirus software detects and removes malware, providing an essential layer of defense.

Enable Firewall

A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, acting as a barrier between your internal network and untrusted external networks.

Use Strong Passwords

Create complex passwords using a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters. Change passwords regularly and avoid using the same password across multiple sites.

Don’t Trust Someone Easily

Be cautious with unsolicited communications and verify the identity of individuals before sharing sensitive information.

Keep Your Personal Information Hidden

Limit the amount of personal information shared online to reduce the risk of identity theft.

Don’t Download Attachments from Unknown Emails

Email attachments can contain malware. Only open attachments from trusted sources.

Don’t Purchase Things Online from Untrusted Sites

Use reputable online retailers and ensure the website is secure (look for HTTPS in the URL) before making purchases.

Learn About Computer Security and Ethics

Stay informed about the latest security threats and best practices to protect yourself and your devices.

Report Attacks to Cyber Cell

If you are attacked, immediately inform the cyber cell to take appropriate action and prevent further incidents.

Don’t Use Pirated Content

Pirated software often contains malware. Use legitimate software and media sources to avoid security risks.

By following these steps and being aware of the various types of cyber threats, you can significantly improve the security of your computer and protect your valuable information.